The coal deposits of the anambra basin in the lower benue trough, located in southeastern nigeria contain the largest and most economically viable coal resources. Benue trough chapter 4 the benue trough the benue trough. The trough is filled with over 5000m of predominantly aptian to maastrichtian sediments in the lower, middle and upper benue geographical regions. The benue trough group 4 2018 final cretaceous geology. Benue state lies within the lower river benue trough in the middle belt region of nigeria. The origin and evolution of the cretaceous benue trough nigeria. The southern limit is the northern boundary of the niger delta, while the northern limit is the southern boundary of the chad basin fig. The geology of the lower benue trough has been documented through the tectono. The predrift fit of south america into the gulf of guinea is well known1. Mineralogical, textural and paragenetic studies of the.
Rbsr isochron age of 1 3 ma and initial 87 sr 86 sr rato of 0. Environmental hazards and sustainable development of rock. The benue trough, located at the gulf of guinea reentrant on the west coast of africa fig. Geology of parts of gboko and makurdi local government. The benue trough of nigeria figure 1a is an intracontinental basin in central west africa that extends ne to. It is logical to include the anambra basin in the benue trough, being a related structure that developed after the compressional stage akande and erdtmann, 1998. Benue trough chapter 4 the benue trough the benue trough of. Limestoneforming environments shallow coastal marine conditions, appear to have occurred several times in the geological history of the basins. Stratigraphic report of the middle benue trough, nigeria. The benue trough originated from early cretaceous rifling of the central west african basement uplift. The benue trough is arbitrarily subdivided into a lower, middle and upper portion figs. The benue trough is a linear, intracratonic and graben basin, 800 km long and 90 km wide on the average in eastern nigeria ogungbesan and akaegbobi 2011.
Mineralogical, textural and paragenetic studies of the lead. Petrology, physicochemical and thermal analyses of. A case study of the ishiagu area of ebonyi state conference paper pdf available november 2010 with 18 reads how we measure reads. The gongola basin arm of the upper benue trough is a ns trending arm of the km long benue trough. Environmental impact assessment of such trial pits in the nigeria lower benue trough shows loss of human life and arable land, rock fall, landslides, and health effects. The theme of this project is geology, petroleum, and mineral. The benue trough is a linear nesw trending anticlinorium stretching from the chad basin in the north to the gulf of guinea through niger delta in the south avbovbo 1980. Lower benue trough as an example of structurally controlled igneous intrusion. Stratigraphic evolution of the benue trough and its. Key wordsbenue trough, source rocks, kerogen, pyrolysis, infrared spectroscopy, maturity. These features often form at the rim of tectonic plates. We felt so happy because we can finish this dictionary without any big trouble although we lost one of our beloved editors. Appraisal of the economic geology of nigerian coal resources. Although it is less steep than a trench, a trough can be a narrow basin or a geologic rift.
Petroleum potentials of the nigerian benue trough and. The lower benue trough which includes the anambra basin is considered as the southern extension of the bida basin. The mapped area has three drainage basins which are separated by water divide. A total of nine genera of ostracods from the yola arm in the northeast of nigeria are described. The enugu eng coal is on the boundary between subbituminous and high volatile c bituminous.
Geology of parts of gboko and makurdi local government areas, benue state, nigeria. Department of geology, university of ibadan, ibadan, nigeria. Geology of parts of gboko and makurdi local government areas. In geology, a trough is a linear structural depression that extends laterally over a distance. Ekwueme 1981 identified the metamorphic members of the basement complex comprising schist, migmatites, and. They believed that heat from the igneous intrusions raised the temperature of the source rocks above the liquid oil window limit, and thus inhibited the preservation of essential constituents of petroleum in the shale of the lower benue trough. In the lower benue trough, lignite and subbituminous. Studies on the origin and tectonic evolution of the benue trough have been based so far principally on surface geological and geochemical.
It is shown that their eruption has some relation to crustal doming at the onset of the benue rifting. Introduction the benue trough is a linear northeast african. The epigenetic leadzincbarite fluorite deposits of the benue trough are localized in ns trending fractures developed within the lower cretaceous albian shales. Geological society of india all rights reserved powered by informatics publishing limited free hits. Hydrocarbon generation potentials of the awgu shale, lower. General dictionary of geology 5 foreword in the name of god most gracious most merciful, because of his salvation this dictionary can be completed. Jan 21, 2019 the lower benue trough is the southern portion of the benue trough that is believed to have originated as a failed arm of an aulacogen at the time of the. Madu and ozibo 072 then sub tributaries flow from an elevated plain of about 600ft above sea level, which serves as the main water divide of the area.
Petters department of geology, university of ibadan, ibadan, nigeria abstract the main stages of tectonic evolution of the benue trough are well documented in the stratigraphic. The tectonic evolution of nigerias benue trough has recently been the focus of investigations, especially in relation to continental drift and opening of the south atlantic ocean during cretaceous times. Opening of the gulf of guinea and geological history of. Hydrocarbon generation potentials of the awgu shale, lower benue trough, nigeria. The mapped area falls within the benue trough the oldest sedimentary rocks in nigeria is in this trough and they are of lower cretaceous age.
In the lower benue trough, lignite and subbituminous coals occur within the mamu formation middle campanian late. Early cretaceous basalt volcanism and initial continental. The trough is arbitrarily divided into lower, middle and upper regions, and the upper region is further. The lower benue trough is the southernmost of the three main cretaceous. Pergamon paleoenvironments, source rock potential and thermal. Geology of the study area the benue trough is a sedimentary basin located in. Rhyolites overlying the basement granitic gneisses and granites adjacent to the selimentfilled benue trough were studied. The benue trough is a major geological structure underlying a large part of nigeria and extending about 1,000 km northeast from the bight of benin to lake chad. Aeromagnetic anomalies, limited ground magnetic and. Therefore, exploration for oil in the basin is less attractive. Lower benue trough resulting in intense deformations in both domains, with folding, cleavage. The new benue state of today has twentythree 23 local government areas, which are administered by local government councils. On an ash free, dry basis, the volatile content of no 3 seam, enugu, varies from 42% to 50% while that of ogboyaga ranges from 47% to 57%. The benue trough of nigeria formed as a result of series of tectonism and repetitive sedimentation in the cretaceous.
Limestone occurs only in the sedimentary basins in nigeria. Odeyemi intermediate rocks from older granite complexes. The benue trough of nigeria figure 1a is an intracontinental basin in central west africa that extends ne to sw. The species described belong to six families namely. This transgression entered the benue trough from the newly opened equatorial atlantic ocean and reached its peak towards the end of middle albian. The benue trough is a major geological structure underlying a large part of nigeria and. The benue trough is one of the seven main sedimentary structural features in the sene nigeria. The benue trough is essentially a gascondensate basin with little oil, which occurs stratigraphically higher than gas. Speculation of cenomanian hiatus in the southern and central benue trough was stalled by recognition of many deposits of this age along the entire length of the trough from south to north. Rahaman preliminary report on the field relationships of the basement complex rocks around igarra, midwest i.
Geology and stratigraphy of middle cretaceous sequences. Structural geology of the lower benue trough search and discovery. The mechanism of the formation of the trough dominated most of the early studies carried out in the area and, although, still controversial, an unstable rrf riftrift fault triple junction model leading to plate dilation and the opening of the gulf of guinea benkhelil, 1989. Evolution of gongola basin upper benue trough northeastern. However, the limestone deposits of the benue trough lower, middle and upper. Pdf the study area ishiagu which is part of the lower benue trough comprises of igneous rock types that. Appraisal of the economic geology of nigerian coal. Geology and stratigraphy of middle cretaceous sequences northeast of afikpo basin, lower benue trough, nigeria. The spectrum of depositional environments represented in the bfnue trough ranges from fluvia. Origin of saline groundwaters in the ogoja area, lower benue. Two of the arms of this junction have continued to spread taking the continents to their present positions, but the third arm, the benue trough. But a negative anomaly over the lower benue at ankpa basin was ascribed to maximal thickness of sediments of about 5000m. We suggest that the distinctive rightangled bends of the south american and.
The coal deposits discovered so far in nigeria are located mainly in the lower, middle and upper benue trough. It occurs mainly in the benue trough lower, middle and upper, sokoto, dahomey and borno chad basins. It forms a regional structure which is exposed from the northern frame of the niger delta and runs northeastwards for about loookm to underneath lake chad, where it terminates. Insights from new source rock facies evaluation, journal of african earth sciences on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. The lower benue trough is the southern portion of the benue trough that is believed to have originated as a failed arm of an aulacogen at the time of the opening of the south atlantic oceans during the separation of the african plate and the south american plate. On the economic geology, the subbituminous coals in the lower and upper benue trough are best for combustion, power generation and chemical production and better for liquefaction while the high. It is part of the broader west and central african rift system. Hydrocarbon potential of cretaceous sediments in the lower. The oldest sediments belong to the asu river group see fig. Waec gce past questions and answers free download pdf all subjects.
Chapter 4 the benue trough the benue trough of nigeria is a rift basin in central west africa that extends nnessw for about 800 km in length and 150 km in width. Its geographic coordinates are longitude 7 47 and 10 0 east. Paleocurrent and sedimentological studies in the benue trough, nigeria. The area has been given less attention with regards to geological studies than the other parts of the lower benue trough or the middle benue trough. The lower benue trough is the southern portion of the benue trough that is believed to have originated as a failed arm of an aulacogen at the time of the. Feb 14, 2012 read hydrocarbon potential of cretaceous sediments in the lower and middle benue trough, nigeria. The deep basins, flanking the central uplifted blocks in the trough, contain thick sedimentary. Petrology, physicochemical and thermal analyses of selected. Opening of the gulf of guinea and geological history of the benue. Geology and mineral resources of the lower benue trough. The author recommends further detailed structural mapping, especially in the eastern half of the basin, for solving the unsolved problems in. Petroleum potentials of the nigerian benue trough and anambra.
Geology of the area tile geology of the middle benue trough has been described in some details by offodile 1976. Geology and occurrences of limestone and marble in nigeria. Read origin of saline groundwaters in the ogoja area, lower benue trough, nigeria, journal of african earth sciences on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. The various species, though from outcrop sections, supplement the list from the upper benue trough already reported from ashaka quarry and borehole bh 2340 of the gongila and pindiga formations respectively. The study area lies between longitudes 7o51le and 8o00le and latitudes 5o55ln and 6o00ln within the afikpo syncline of the cross river basin of the benue trough. Following midsantonian tectonism and magmatism, depositional axis in the benue trough was displaced westward resulting in subsidence of the anambrabasin. On the economic geology, the subbituminous coals in the lower and upper benue trough are best for combustion, power generation and chemical production and better for liquefaction while the highvolatile bituminous coals in the middle benue trough, besides its best for liquefaction, are the most suitable as raw material for coke making in steel. They believed that heat from the igneous intrusions raised the temperature of the source rocks above the liquid oil window limit, and thus inhibited the preservation of essential constituents of. Ostracods from the yola arm, upper benue trough, nigeria.
The thicknesses of cretaceous sediments in the trough varies from 6 km in the lower benue to ca. The anambra basin, therefore, is a part of the lower benue trough containing postdeformational sediments of campanianmaastrichtian to. Petrographic analysis for naming and classifying an. Anticlinorium of thc lower benue trough by ofocgbu an onuoha 1991. Srisailam subbasin contains upper cuddapah sediments and palnad subbasin exposes only the younger kurnool sequence. Petrographic analysis for naming and classifying an igneous. Department of geology, ibrahim badamasi babangida university, lapai, nigeria. Jun 26, 2019 the lower benue trough is the southern portion of the benue trough that is believed to have originated as a failed arm of an aulacogen at the time of the. Read hydrocarbon potential of cretaceous sediments in the lower and middle benue trough, nigeria. There are various oceanic troughs, troughs found under o. The tectonic, stratigraphic and organic geochemical evaluations of these basins suggest the similarity with the contiguous basins of chad and niger republics and sudan, where commercial oil discovery have been made. Geological sketch map of the benue trough and surroundings. Benue trough, which correspond to areas of diffe rent geological features fig. Origin of saline groundwaters in the ogoja area, lower.